Basic information

The site selection for laying chickens or broilers is to facilitate the production and operation, convenient transportation, good epidemic prevention conditions and low investment. It is necessary to consider the requirements of the chicken production for the surrounding environment, and to meet the environmental quality standards of the poultry farm. The smell and dirt generated by the chicken farm on the surrounding environment

It is in line with the regulations on pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding, meets the requirements of prevention and control measures for laying hens (such as all-in, all-out, regional isolation, etc.), adheres to the principle of combining agriculture and animal husbandry, and the balance of planting and breeding, according to the land surrounding the field. The ability of chicken manure to absorb

Farmers considering building poultry facilities on their farms must give considerable thought to the location of the new structures. Poultry farmers must be aware of concerns related to environmental issues like water quality, odors and flies, litter applications on fields and high soil phosphorous levels, nearby neighbors and public areas like churches, parks and businesses, laws and regulations that affects farming operations

Future poultry farmers must place greater emphasis on farmstead planning than has been done in the past. Considerations in site selection for buildings must include utilities, roads, topography, prevailing winds, existing buildings, neighbors, public areas, setbacks, and state and federal government laws and regulations

Features

1. Litter Utilization

Is there sufficient land available on the farm to properly utilize the litter as fertilizer, or will some of the litter be moved offsite? Approximately 300 tons of litter will be produced each year on a 50,000-bird capacity broiler farm. A nutrient management plan will help determine if adequate land area is available for litter utilization. If not, plans must be made to remove excess litter offsite

2. Epidemic prevention

To prevent the threat of skin diseases and pollution sources. There should be no pollution sources for large-scale industrial and mining enterprises, livestock and poultry slaughter processing plants and animal trading markets around the chicken farm, the chicken farms and residential areas and main traffic are 1000 meters away from each other

3. Power supply

The power supply of the chicken farm must be able to meet the production needs, and the power supply must be guaranteed. Large chicken farms must have dedicated lines or self-contained power generation equipment

4. Soil quality requirements

The soil of the chicken farm is suitable for sandy loam soil. The soil is well drained, the thermal conductivity is small, and the microorganisms are not easy to breed. The soil is permeable and breathable, and can be kept dry, suitable for vegetation growth and construction of chicken houses

5. Neighbors

The location of nearby homes should be the number one consideration when evaluating potential locations for poultry facilities. Good neighbors can quickly become enemies if the building site is too close to nearby homes. Some poultry companies require prospective poultry farmers to discuss building plans with their neighbors before construction starts, even if discussions with neighbors are not required, this practice is recommended. Reaction from neighbors may force alternate sites to be choose

6. Setbacks 

How far should poultry houses be set back from residences, property lines, public areas, public roads, streams, wells, sinkholes and flood plains? Currently, Tennessee does not have any laws or regulations that govern setbacks for agricultural building sites. However, most poultry industry companies have self-imposed setback guidelines that need to be considered. These guidelines will help reduce problems associated with odors, dust, feathers, and noise and water quality

7. Topography

The laying hens should be selected in a place where the leeward is sunny, the ventilation is dry, the terrain is high, and the drainage is good. When the area is plain area, choose high terrain and easy to drain, and then when the area is hilly area, choose the halfway up the mountain from the wind. Whether the site is level, gently rolling or hilly will determine the amount of grade work that must be done to get a level area for the buildings. Grade work can add substantially to the total construction cost, avoid low-lying areas near streams with flooding potential, preferably, the topography will allow the long axis of the poultry house to be located in an east-west direction. This helps to minimize the amount of direct sunlight that would enter through the sidewalls of the houses. Storm water and adequate drainage for storm water control must be considered because of the large amount of roof area. Storm water runoff should not be allowed to create erosion problems around the houses. Grass-covered water run-off ditches will help reduce potential erosion problems. The immediate area outside the buildings must have sufficient slope to keep runoff water out of the buildings

8. Prevailing wind

Prevailing wind direction must be considered when wind currents flow from the chicken house toward any residence. Odors from poultry houses must be given adequate time and distance to dissipate before reaching a residence. The distance from the poultry house location to any residence would need to be greater if prevailing winds were toward the residence. Since poultry companies require mechanical ventilation in all poultry houses, locating the poultry house to take advantage of prevailing wind direction for natural ventilation is no longer important

9. Utilities

Some questions about utilities must be answered to help determine building site location. Is electricity readily available or will the local electric utility run new lines at a reasonable cost, is water available from wells or a municipal water system or both. It is important to have a backup water system. Is the quality and quantity of the well water suitable for a poultry operation? is propane and/or natural gas available at competitive prices

10. Roads

The condition of public roads must be adequate to allow feed trucks, chick delivery vehicles and live haul trucks access to the buildings during all times of the year. Are there any weight limits or bridges that would restrict access to the farm and how much will it cost to construct an access road from the public road to the buildings. Also ensure that the heavily loaded trucks travel easily on the access road in all types of weather

11. Air quality requirements

In order to ensure the feeding environment of the chicken, the air quality of the site is guaranteed to meet the three-level standard of air quality

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Frequently ask questions

Q: What is the necessary procedure when carrying out a site survey

A: Ensure the area is eco friendly to the chickens, enough space for the disposal of a dead chicken and as when as a place to dump their manure

Q: What else can I look out for

A: Ensure there is adequate ventilation in the poultry house to avoid making the chickens uncomfortable